Pathophysiology – a convergence of pathology with physiology – is the study of the disordered physiological processes that cause, result from, or are otherwise associated with a disease or injury.
The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) represents a pandemic threat that has been declared a public health emergency of international concern. The CoV Spike Glycoprotein is a key target for vaccines, therapeutic antibodies, and diagnostics. The structure of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein 6M17 should enable the rapid development and evaluation of medical countermeasures to address…
Negative-strand (NS) RNA viruses initiate infection with a unique polymerase complex. This protein complex mediates both mRNA transcription and subsequent genomic RNA replication. Domains for both functional interactions are contained within a single Large polymerase protein (L-protein). (more…)
High-density lipoprotein (HDL), the carrier of so-called “good” cholesterol, serves as the major athero-protective lipoprotein and has emerged as a key therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease. (more…)
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) poses a significant threat to immunocompromised individuals and neonates infected in utero. Glycoprotein B (gB), the herpesvirus fusion protein, is a target for neutralizing antibodies and a vaccine candidate due to its indispensable role in infection. HCMV is the leading infectious cause of congenital abnormalities in the Wwestern world (more…)
Penicillin acylases (PA) participates in penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthesis. Penicillin acylases (PA) are widely used for the production of semi-synthetic β-lactam antibiotics and chiral compounds. (more…)
The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) represents a pandemic threat that has been declared a public health emergency of international concern. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA Polymerase is a key target for antiviral therapy. The 3D printed structure of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Polymerase inhibited by Remdesivir should enable the rapid development and evaluation of medical countermeasures to address…
CRISPR-Cas13d CRISPR Cas13a is a newly discovered member of the Genome editing system making waves in the biotech community. Explore this 3D printed protein model of CRISPR Cas13a to examine how it uses RNA to target and edit viral RNA. Protein model created from PDB ID: 6IV9 (more…)
CRISPR Cas13d in Complex with crRNA CRISPR Cas13a is a newly discovered member of the Genome editing system making waves in the biotech community. Explore this 3D printed protein model of CRISPR Cas13d to examine how it uses RNA to target and edit viral RNA. Protein model created from PDB ID: 6E9F (more…)
The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) represents a pandemic threat that has been declared a public health emergency of international concern. The CoV Spike Glycoprotein is a key target for vaccines, therapeutic antibodies, and diagnostics. The structure of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein 6VXX should enable the rapid development and evaluation of medical countermeasures to address…
Researchers at EMBL in Hamburg recently discovered that the Tuberculosis bacteria has a special toxin-antitoxin system with a surprising function. Once the system activated, all bacterial cells die and stop the disease. (more…)
Cannabinoid receptors are part of the endocannabinoid system, which is involved in a variety of physiological processes including appetite, pain-sensation, mood, and memory. (more…)
A Nucleosome is the basic structural unit of DNA that assemble into a chromosome. Each nucleosome consists of a segment of DNA wound in sequence around eight histone protein cores. This structure is often compared to thread wrapped around a spool. Use this 3D printed model of DNA wrapped around a histone core to explain how DNA is…
Deadly to newborn babies, the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infection. Dynamic structural changes in the Fusion F Glycoprotein reveal and hide binding sites, making targets of new therapies difficult to identify. Explore RSV Fusion F Glycoprotein-3RRR and learn more about its Postfusion 3D structure. (more…)
Glycated Hemoglobin HbA1c Elevated blood sugar attaches to hemoglobin Hb, the protein inside red blood cells. Use a 3D printed protein model of Glycated Hemoglobin HbA1c to explain the HbA1c diabetes blood test. (more…)
Human Insulin Hexamer Use this 3D printed Biologic Model of Human Insulin Hexamer as a desktop reminder to take your medication before each meal. (more…)
Psilocybin bound to Serotonin Receptor Psilocybin, the active ingredient in psychoactive mushrooms, has provided the spiritual and cultural bedrock of many great civilizations. The Aztecs referred to teonanácatl, which translates as ‘divine mushroom’, and modern neuroscience has revealed how psilocybin interacts with serotonin receptors in the brain in order to produce a range of consciousness-altering…
Argonaute Protein Small RNA sequences guide Argonaute Protein (Apo) to its specific DNA targets, which then leads to mRNA cleavage or translation inhibition. Inside the gut, bacteria express control over their host organism by secreting Nitric Oxide which modulates Apo function. Explore the 3D structure of Argonaute Protein. (more…)
The Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading cause of viral birth defects. HCMV Pentamer Complex is considered a key target candidate for vaccine therapies. How HCMV avoids humoral immunity is not clear. New research into the elusive virus reveals the surprising role of the host cell’s endoplasmic reticulum to aid viral infection. (more…)
Nucleosome 1KX5 A nucleosome is a basic unit of DNA, consisting of a segment of DNA wound in sequence around eight histone protein cores. This structure is often compared to thread wrapped around a spool. (more…)
TDP-43 Wild Type and Mutant in Complex with DNA ALS is a fatal motor neuron disorder characterized pathologically by TAR DNA binding protein ( TDP-43 ). The function of TDP-43 is uncertain, and role in ALS remains speculative. Genome scanning reveals mutations associated to neural apoptosis. (more…)
